Former PhD students Sophie Mok, Yousef Almajed and Abdulaziz Alomiery, under the supervision of Roger Soames and Abduelmenem Alashkham, have published a comprehensive review in Clinical Anatomy examining the morphology of the sternoclavicular joint and its microanatomical changes in response to osteoarthritic degeneration. The review synthesises current evidence on the anatomy, biomechanics and structural characteristics of the sternoclavicular joint, with particular focus on its fibrocartilaginous intra-articular disc. The authors highlight significant microscopic alterations associated with osteoarthritis, including changes in cellularity, collagen alignment, surface fibrillation, cyst formation and glycosaminoglycan content. Importantly, the paper underscores the absence of an established grading system for fibrocartilaginous degeneration in this joint, identifying a key gap in current anatomical and clinical research. The study emphasises the potential role of early imaging modalities, such as MRI and high-frequency ultrasound, in identifying microanatomical changes before advanced joint destruction occurs. Improved understanding of the relationship between intra-articular disc degeneration and articular cartilage changes may enhance early diagnosis and inform future therapeutic strategies.The article can be accessed via https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ca.24253 Publication date 03 Mar, 2026
